Monday, May 5, 2025

Using Learning Style Data to Differentiate in the Dental Hygiene Clinic

Gathering student data doesn’t always require standardized testing or spreadsheets. In my clinical teaching, something as simple as a learning style inventory provided helpful insight for tailoring instruction in ways that fit my students. Using the VAK model, visual, auditory, kinesthetic, I was able to see learning preferences that helped me rethink how I guide, demonstrate, and assess during clinical sessions.

Learning Style Profiles in My Small Group

After having my students complete the VAK inventory from the University of Arkansas (n.d.), I analyzed the results for my five-student group. Ava and Chelsea learned visual, Sarah was clearly auditory, and Jalen and Kenzie were both kinesthetic learners. These preferences aligned with what I’d already seen in their behavior and performance in clinic.

  • Ava and Chelsea (Visual): They respond best to visual tools. Diagrams of nerve blocks, color-coded instrumentation charts, and laminated injection guides can help these two organize information and maintain independence during procedures. Both process visual instructions quickly, which supports their confidence in documentation.
  • Sarah (Auditory): Sarah absorbs and retains spoken information. She tracks verbal feedback well during clinic and at conferences, as well as benefits from hearing expectations repeated. Her strong communication skills also translate to clear patient education, though she still benefits from auditory explanations to accompany written instructions.
  • Jalen and Kenzie (Kinesthetic): These students need to move, touch, and practice. Jalen’s fine motor skills support strong instrumentation when given repeated opportunities to practice. Kenzie, although more reserved, gains confidence when allowed to observe and then try procedures herself. Both benefit from “learn by doing” strategies and hands-on tasks.


As Lucariello et al. (2016) note, students bring different cognitive strengths to learning tasks, and tailoring instruction based on these strengths supports their engagement and retention. In my experience, learning style data often matches what I already notice about how students interact, communicate, and complete tasks physically and emotionally in the operatory.

Applying Learning Styles in Clinic Planning

We don’t always think of clinic as a space for lesson planning, but the same principles apply. Using what I learned from the VAK survey, I can start making intentional adjustments:

  • Visual (Ava & Chelsea): I could offer chairside diagrams and concept maps, especially for local anesthesia. They would also benefit from printed checklists and being shown where to look during assessments.
  • Auditory (Sarah): I’ve started using more verbal walk-throughs of procedures. I’m considering Flip (formerly Flipgrid) for recording verbal reflections or peer feedback, especially since Sarah responds well to discussion and spoken direction.
  • Kinesthetic (Jalen & Kenzie): These two need time to physically manipulate materials. I’ve made space for them to set up trays and explain their setup before starting. Asking them to demonstrate a technique back to me would be a useful formative assessment.

Murawski and Scott (2019) emphasize that Universal Design for Learning calls for varied paths to mastery. These small changes offer multiple means of representation and allow students to approach clinic tasks in ways that match their strengths.

Strengths, Interests, and Individual Growth

I also look at what each student already does well:

  • Kenzie is quiet but notices visual details. She’s often the first to catch radiographic anomalies or subtle tissue changes. I could let her lead peer reviews of intraoral photos.
  • Sarah is natural at patient education and case presentations but needs support writing complete treatment and procedure notes. She does better when we talk through her findings first.
  • Ava and Chelsea like examples. I can share video clips or strong student samples from past cohorts to help them visualize expectations.
  • Jalen gains confidence the more he practices. His kinesthetic learning style makes him fast and efficient once the muscle memory is in place, especially with ultrasonic instrumentation and sharpening.

Matching Assessments to Learning Preferences

In clinic, assessments aren’t always written tests, they’re often practical, verbal, or observational. I could vary how I assess depending on the student’s style:

  • Visual learners can submit a photo log of patient progression or create a visual flowchart of a procedure, and we can review it during our clinic conferences.
  • Auditory learners might record a brief audio reflection about what went well and what they’ll do differently next time.
  • Kinesthetic learners can demonstrate task-based skills or teach a technique to a peer.

Offering choices, like through a simple choice board, helps each student show competence in a way that feels natural for them. As Cooper (2019) explains, digital tools can support personalization in instruction and feedback, especially when used intentionally in clinical education.

Using learning style data doesn’t mean locking students into a single mode of instruction, it just helps me offer more ways for them to succeed. In the dental hygiene clinic, where time is tight and patients are the focus, these small adjustments can make a real difference in student confidence, engagement, and performance.


References

Cooper, L. F. (2019). Digital technology: Impact and opportunities in dental education. Journal of Dental Education. https://doi.org/10.21815/JDE.019.042.

Lucariello, J. M., Nastasi, B. K., Anderman, E. M., Dwyer, C., Ormiston, H., & Skiba, R. (2016). Science supports education: The behavioral research base for psychology’s top 20 principles for enhancing teaching and learning. Mind, Brain, and Education, 10(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12099.

Murawski, W. W., & Scott, K. L. (2019). What really works with Universal Design for Learning. Corwin.

University of Arkansas. (n.d.). Learning Styles Inventory (VAK). CLASS+ Student Success. https://success.uark.edu/_resources/downloads/study/tools/learningstylesinventory.pdf.

No comments: